Identification of subtypes of type I and II diabetes mellitus in African (Ghana) adults, RODAM study, men and women
Diagnosis of LADA-type diabetes mellitus
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Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus' subtypes
LADA - Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults - It is the autoimmune diabetes that begins in adulthood and does not require insulin for glycemic control, at least for the first six months after diagnosis, due to the fact that the autoimmune process that destroys pancreatic β-cells evolves more slowly than in type 1 diabetes. It is sometimes also called diabetes 1.5. It has genetic, immunological and metabolic features common with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with a progressively unfavorable course.
SAID - Severe Autoimmune Diabetes - is the classic type I, insulin-dependent and autoimmune diabetes, characterized by low insulin secretion and poor metabolic control. Increased risk of ketoacidosis at diagnosis, increased risk of retinopathy, and increased incidence of chronic kidney disease.
SIDD - Severe Insulin Deficient Diabetes - is a subtype of type I diabetes characterized by low insulin secretion, poor metabolic control, tendency to ketoacidosis, and increased risk of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. The autoimmune process against β-pancreatic cells is missing. More details
SIRD - Severe Insulin Resistant Diabetes - also a subtype of type II diabetes, characterized by peripheral insulin resistance, obesity, onset at older ages, and increased risk of nephropathy and hepatic steatosis. More details
MOD - Mild Obesity-Related Diabetes - is a subtype of type II diabetes associated with obesity, with a moderate risk of complications, which begins at a younger age.
MARD - Mild Age-Related Diabetes - a subtype of type II diabetes with onset at older ages and an overall low risk of developing complications but with an increased risk of coronary events and stroke.